無功(gong)(gong)補(bu)償也(ye)(ye)便是(shi)無功(gong)(gong)補(bu)償電源，它是(shi)為了(le)達到(dao)荷端電壓(ya)水平、電力網、經(jing)濟運行的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)，從(cong)而必須將它設置在電力網內(nei)和負荷端。我們知道，在電力系(xi)統中(zhong)，很大一部分的(de)(de)負載(zai)都是(shi)電感性的(de)(de)，因此，該系(xi)統便會(hui)消耗(hao)無功(gong)(gong)電力，從(cong)而致使負載(zai)電流的(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)位相(xiang)(xiang)對于電壓(ya)來說(shuo)是(shi)比較滯后的(de)(de)，同樣的(de)(de)，隨著相(xiang)(xiang)角差的(de)(de)增大，無功(gong)(gong)電力需求(qiu)也(ye)(ye)會(hui)相(xiang)(xiang)應的(de)(de)進行增大，所(suo)以，需要(yao)供給(gei)固(gu)定的(de)(de)有功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率，以保電流的(de)(de)升高而產(chan)生的(de)(de)線路損耗(hao)。

首次裝置無功補償的必要性

選擇長(chang)期運(yun)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)(she)備(bei)，為其配置單獨(du)補償電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)。由(you)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)(she)備(bei)長(chang)期運(yun)行(xing)，電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)利用(yong)率高，在(zai)(zai)其運(yun)行(xing)時，電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)正好接在(zai)(zai)線路上(shang)，如(ru)壓縮機、風機、水泵等。首先在(zai)(zai)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量較大的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)上(shang)裝設(she)(she)單獨(du)補償電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)，對于(yu)大容(rong)(rong)(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)(she)備(bei)，電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)易獲(huo)得比較良好的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)益，而且相對地減少涌流(liu)。

電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)無功補(bu)(bu)償裝置的缺點有(you)：只能進(jin)行(xing)(xing)有(you)級調節(jie),不能進(jin)行(xing)(xing)平滑調節(jie);通(tong)風不良，一旦電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)運行(xing)(xing)溫度(du)高(gao)于70℃時，易發生膨脹(zhang)爆炸；電(dian)壓(ya)特(te)性(xing)不好(hao)，對短路穩(wen)定性(xing)差，切除后有(you)殘余電(dian)荷(he)；無功補(bu)(bu)償精度(du)低(di)，易影響(xiang)補(bu)(bu)償效果；補(bu)(bu)償電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)的運行(xing)(xing)管(guan)理(li)困(kun)難及電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)安(an)全運行(xing)(xing)的問題未受到重視等。